Shih Tzu: An In-Depth Look at Modern Foo Dogs

The Shih Tzu, whose name translates to “little lion,” is a beloved breed known for its affectionate nature, luxurious coat, and playful personality. Originating in Tibet, this ancient breed has captured the hearts of dog lovers worldwide. This comprehensive guide delves into the history, physical characteristics, temperament, health, grooming needs, exercise requirements, and ideal living environment for a Shih Tzu, providing valuable insights for those considering welcoming this charming breed into their lives.

History and Origin

The Shih Tzu’s journey through time is a captivating tale of ancient origins, royal favor, and near extinction. These charming “little lions” began their journey centuries ago as lion-like Tibetan holy dogs known as “foo dogs.” Steeped in Tibetan Buddhist tradition, the Shih Tzu holds a revered place as a sacred symbol. Legend has it that these cherished dogs accompanied Manjushri, the Buddha of Wisdom.

As treasured gifts from Tibet to Chinese royalty, Shih Tzus found their way into the imperial court during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). Their elegant demeanor and docile nature made them highly prized companions in the opulent palaces of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD). The Dowager Empress Cixi, a prominent figure in Chinese history, further solidified their royal status by establishing a world-renowned breeding program dedicated to refining the breed’s unique characteristics.

However, the Shih Tzu’s path took a dramatic turn during the Communist revolution in China. Associated with wealth and the opulence of the imperial court, many Shih Tzus were tragically killed. The breed’s numbers dwindled to a critical point, with their existence hanging in the balance.

But like a phoenix rising from the ashes, the Shih Tzu breed was revived through the dedication of a few devoted individuals. Fourteen dogs – seven males and seven females – became the foundation for all Shih Tzus existing today. These dogs were carefully preserved and bred in England and Scandinavia, ensuring the continuation of this cherished breed. American soldiers, captivated by their charm, brought Shih Tzus to the United States after World War II, where they quickly gained popularity and secured their place as beloved companions.

Physical Characteristics

Shih Tzus are compact and sturdy dogs, typically standing 9 to 10.5 inches tall and weighing between 9 and 16 pounds. Their most striking feature is their long, flowing double coat, which gives them a regal and elegant appearance. This luxurious coat comes in a dazzling array of colors, with white and blazes of gray frequently seen. Some common colors include black, white, brindle, liver, gold, and blue. The AKC officially recognizes a wide variety of colors and markings, including the charming black mask, tan markings, and white markings.

Adding to their unique appearance is the “chrysanthemum face,” a term used to describe the way the hair grows in all directions around their face. This gives them a delightful, expressive look that is hard to resist. Some Shih Tzus also possess a distinctive marking known as the “Star of Buddha,” a white patch of hair on the top of their head, which is considered a blessing in Buddhist tradition.

Interestingly, Shih Tzu puppies often experience coat color changes as they mature. This can be a fascinating transformation to observe, as their coat gradually evolves into its adult coloration. The only coat color that typically remains consistent is the black and white combination.

Shih Tzus are brachycephalic dogs, meaning they have a short, flat nose and upper jaw. This facial structure contributes to their adorable appearance but can also lead to certain health concerns, which will be discussed in more detail later.

Temperament and Personality Traits

Shih Tzus are renowned for their affectionate, outgoing, and friendly nature. They are well-suited for individuals or families of all ages. Bred as companion dogs, they thrive on human interaction and are happiest when surrounded by their loved ones. This makes them well-suited for individuals or families who can provide them with plenty of attention and affection.

These playful and lively dogs enjoy short bursts of activity and are always up for a cuddle session on the couch. While they can be alert and bark to announce visitors, they are not known for excessive barking. Shih Tzus are intelligent and eager to please, making them relatively easy to train with positive reinforcement methods.

Health and Common Health Issues

While generally healthy, Shih Tzus are prone to certain health conditions due to their brachycephalic nature and unique physical characteristics. Some common health issues include:

Brachycephalic Syndrome: This condition affects dogs with flat faces and can cause breathing difficulties, snoring, and an increased risk of overheating. Symptoms may include noisy breathing, snorting, and exercise intolerance. Due to their brachycephalic nature, Shih Tzus are not good swimmers.
Eye Problems: Shih Tzus are susceptible to various eye conditions, such as pigmentary keratitis, epiphora (excessive tearing), proptosis (eye bulging from the socket), cataracts, and dry eye. Signs of eye problems can include red or bulging eyes, eye discharge, rubbing the eyes, cloudy eyes, squinting, and blindness.
Ear Infections: Their floppy ears can trap moisture and create an environment conducive to infections. Symptoms may include redness, itching, and discharge from the ears.
Hip Dysplasia: This condition affects the hip joint and can lead to arthritis and mobility issues. Symptoms may include lameness, difficulty walking, and pain.
Patellar Luxation: A slipped kneecap that can cause discomfort and lameness. Symptoms may include skipping, limping, and holding up a back leg.
Periodontal Disease: Shih Tzus are prone to dental problems due to overcrowding of teeth in their small mouths. Symptoms may include bad breath, red or swollen gums, and difficulty chewing.
Obesity: Due to their low-energy lifestyle, Shih Tzus can gain weight easily, which can exacerbate other health problems. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is crucial for their overall health.

Due to their brachycephalic nature, Shih Tzus are prone to breathing problems and heat sensitivity. Owners should take precautions to ensure their comfort, especially in hot weather. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and proper grooming are essential for maintaining a Shih Tzu’s health and well-being.

Grooming Needs

The Shih Tzu’s long, luxurious coat requires regular grooming to prevent matting and tangles. Daily brushing is recommended, especially for dogs with longer coats. Bathing should be done every 3 to 4 weeks, and it’s important to dry the coat thoroughly to prevent chilling.

When bathing a Shih Tzu, it’s important to use a downward motion to apply shampoo and conditioner, minimizing tangling. For dogs with long coats, line drying is recommended. This involves systematically drying the entire coat right down to the skin, using a fluff or stand dryer.

In addition to brushing and bathing, Shih Tzus need regular facial grooming to keep their eyes and muzzle clean. Their ears should be checked and cleaned weekly, and nails trimmed as needed. Professional grooming every few weeks can help maintain the coat’s health and appearance.

Exercise and Training Needs

Shih Tzus are relatively low-energy dogs. However, while they have low exercise needs, regular physical activity and mental stimulation are crucial for their overall health and well-being. Short daily walks or indoor play sessions are usually sufficient. They enjoy interactive games and toys that provide mental stimulation. However, it’s important to avoid overexertion, especially in hot weather, as they are prone to heatstroke.

Exercise offers numerous benefits for Shih Tzus, including improved cardiovascular health, weight management, better sleep patterns, and a reduction in anxiety. When taking your Shih Tzu for a walk, start with short distances and gradually increase the duration as they build stamina.

Training a Shih Tzu can be both rewarding and challenging. While intelligent, they can be stubborn at times, requiring patience and consistency. Positive reinforcement methods, such as treats and praise, work best with this breed. Early socialization is crucial for Shih Tzus, and it’s recommended to start socializing them between 3 to 16 weeks old. Puppy training classes are also recommended to help them develop into well-adjusted companions. During socialization, positive feedback, such as rewards and praise, helps reinforce good behavior.

Ideal Living Environment

Shih Tzus are adaptable dogs that can thrive in various living situations, including apartments and houses. They do well in environments where they can be close to their owners and receive plenty of attention. Due to their small size and low exercise needs, they are well-suited for apartment living.

Crate training can be an effective method for housebreaking a Shih Tzu. It leverages their natural instinct to avoid soiling their sleeping area and helps establish a routine for potty breaks.

However, it’s important to consider their sensitivity to heat and ensure they have a cool and comfortable environment, especially during warmer months. Shih Tzus are happiest when they are part of the family and involved in daily activities.

Conclusion

The Shih Tzu is a truly captivating breed that has earned its place as a beloved companion throughout history. Their affectionate nature, playful personality, and luxurious coat make them ideal for a variety of lifestyles, from apartment dwellers to families with children. However, it’s important to remember that their brachycephalic nature can lead to certain health concerns, and proper care, including regular grooming and a healthy lifestyle, is essential for their well-being. By understanding their unique needs and characteristics, you can provide the best possible care for your Shih Tzu and enjoy a long and fulfilling relationship with this delightful breed.